13. Manual Settings For Video
Shutter Speed For Filmmaking
Shutter speed refers to how long the camera’s shutter is open. Think of it as the length of time your image sensor ‘sees’ the scene you’re attempting to capture in motion.
Most filmmakers follow what’s coined as the “180 rule”. With your camera’s physical shutter, 180 means it's open for half of the exposure and closed for the other half. So at 24fps, you'd want an effective exposure of 1/48. At 50fps, it would be 1/100. At 100fps, it would be 1/200. So on and so forth. Of course, you’re more than welcome to utilize a higher shutter speed, although that is not generally recommended as it will look more haggard.
In many cinema cameras, there’s something called the 180º shutter angle rule, which, if you set it to 180º, will automatically adjust the shutter speed for you. Granted, some cinematographers like to switch up the shutter speed or shutter angle based on stylistic preference.
ISO
ISO is the level of your camera’s sensitivity to available light in the scene. The lower the ISO number, the less sensitive it is to the light, while a higher ISO number increases the sensitivity of your camera. Always begin with an ISO at the lowest possible number. This will introduce the least amount of noise into the frame, which is crucial for producing a high-quality video. High noise levels produced with a high ISO are extremely noticeable in video and can be uncomfortable to stare at for long periods of time.
If you want to shoot in low light – how far can you bump up your ISO without making it look terrible? You’re safe for anything under an ISO of 600, but anything over may require a tripod or external lighting system.
White Balance
Not all light is created equal – so it’s imperative to understand the basic essentials of white balance and how we can adjust it accordingly.
Light sources emit a range of color temperatures measured in a unit called the “Kelvin.” No, not the terrible Instagram filter from 2012 (though I see why they got the name), but a colorful spectrum that runs from blue to yellow/orange. The cooler the image, the bluer in tone, and the warmer the image, the more yellow in tone. Simple, no?
One of the best ways to ensure you’re in the correct white balance setting is by holding up a white piece of paper in front of the sensor. Adjust the kelvin setting to a higher number (cool) or a lower number (warm) until the piece of paper looks white to your naked eye.
Focus
Attaining a relatively sharp image first comes with proper focal range. Most DSLR shooters capture with autofocus because it’s simple, effective, and reliable. However, having the option to manually focus on a particular subject or part of a subject is crucial to finalizing the perfect picture. Manual focus especially comes in handy when the camera can’t quite fix what part of the frame you need.
A focus slider, like in the Moment Pro Camera App, allows you to focus by sliding focal points from near to far manually. This is particularly useful when shooting portraits or other subjects in the foreground.